Artificial intelligence versus journalistsThe quality of automated news and bias by authorship using a Turing test

  1. La-Rosa Barrolleta, Leonardo Alberto 1
  2. Sandoval-Martín, Teresa 2
  1. 1 Universidad Nebrija
    info

    Universidad Nebrija

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03tzyrt94

  2. 2 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03ths8210

Aldizkaria:
Anàlisi: Quaderns de comunicació i cultura

ISSN: 0211-2175,  2340-5236

Argitalpen urtea: 2024

Zenbakien izenburua: Miscel·lani

Zenbakia: 70

Orrialdeak: 15-36

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.5565/REV/ANALISI.3681 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openSarbide irekia editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Anàlisi: Quaderns de comunicació i cultura

Laburpena

Con la integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en los medios cada día se publican miles de noticias automatizadas en español. Este estudio compara la calidad de las noticias escritas por periodistas profesionales (de Efe) con las realizadas con programas informáticos de generación de lenguaje natural (NLG) (de narrativa) mediante un test de Turing. Basado en dimensiones cruciales para la percepción de noticias (Sundar,1999) — credibilidad, legibilidad y pericia periodística—, se usa una metodología experimental comprobada a escala internacional para explorar un tema inédito en español: información de salud. El experimento varió intencionadamente las autorías reales y declaradas — periodistas humanos e IA— para detectar posibles sesgos en torno a la credibilidad de la autoría. Se usó un cuestionario autoadministrado adaptado para encuestas en línea (N = 222) y se minimizaron los desequilibrios de género para asegurar la paridad de la muestra (N = 128). El estudio revela que no hay diferencias significativas entre las noticias generadas por IA y las elaboradas por periodistas profesionales. Ambos tipos de noticias son consideradas igualmente creíbles, aunque se detectaron algunos sesgos en la evaluación de la autoría declarada: la IA como autor es percibida como más creíble que el humano, mientras se considera que el periodista humano escribe textos más vívidos. El estudio concluye que es factible producir noticias automatizadas en español sin comprometer su calidad. En el panorama mediático global, los sistemas automatizados que emplean GLN, aprendizaje automático y sofisticadas bases de datos avanzan con éxito hacia nuevos ámbitos, como la información de salud.

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