Incidencia de la tecnología y la robotización en las relaciones laboralesla cuestión de la Renta Mínima frente a la Renta Básica Universal

Résumé

Technology and its consequence of the robotization of production processes are radically transforming the field of labor relations and within the Public Function, and in the future this incidence will be even greater.It is debated whether with this robotization the jobs will decrease or, if, on the contrary, their number will grow, but what is certain is that the most routine and repetitive jobs, the least creative, will be irretrievably extinguished with the consequence of thatthe people who perform them, often those with less preparation and affected by the digital divide, will find their job placement very difficult or impossible.On the other hand, also a consequence of this, the social protection systems of a mainly contributory nature will suffer, even more than those that currently exist, due to the significant decrease in contributions that this disappearance of jobs will bring with it, and their current benefits They will not be able to reach an important population lacking economic resources and also the minimum requirements to be entitled to them.To combat the poverty levels of this population without resources, two possible remedies are used: the Minimum Income, with different names such as Minimum Vital Income, coined in Spain with a state character, and others in the different Autonomous Communities, restricted to a part of the population and with reciprocal obligations for the beneficiary, especially the active search for employment. And on the other hand, the Universal Basic Income to which the entire population would be entitled and without any consideration from the citizen in exchange to enjoy its benefits.Of the first, that is, of the Minimum Vital Income we already have experience in Spain since 2020 and it has been shown that its configuration can be clearly improved due to the scarce beneficiary population and its slowness and difficulty of processing, so from various areas have intensified their criticism. The alternative to this Minimum Income, with a greater scope, is the Universal Basic Income, which has been the subject of some national start-up experiences but in limited areas and with short periods of time.This article analyzes this incidence of robotization in the workplace and within the Public Administration, the pros and cons of the Minimum Income and Basic Income and advocates carrying out a trial of Universal Basic Income in Spain to be able to decide with proven arguments about its implementation.