Ansiedad y tristeza-depresiónUna aproximación desde la teoría de la indefensión-desesperanza

  1. Nuria Camuñas 1
  2. Irini Mavrou 1
  3. Juan J. Miguel-Tobal 2
  1. 1 Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, España
  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
Journal:
Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

ISSN: 1136-5420

Year of publication: 2019

Volume: 24

Issue: 1

Pages: 19-28

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5944/RPPC.23003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyse the constructs of anxiety and sadness-depression from the perspective of the helplessness-hopelessness theory. Two hundred twenty-nine adults completed five self-reported measures: The Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Tridimensional Depression Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Attributional Style Questionnaire. The results of correlation analysis and regression models showed strong associations between the different components of anxiety and depression. Moreover, negative attributional style significantly predicted anxiety and depression, especially the cognitive dimension of these constructs, for both female and male participants. We concluded that these emotions share a common element: a characteristic attributional style related to a broader construct, the «negative emotionality», that includes both anxiety and depression.

Bibliographic References

  • Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372.
  • Ahrens, A. H., & Haaga, D. A. (1993). The specificity of attributional style and expectations to positive and negative affectivity, depression, and anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 83–98.
  • Alloy, L. B., Black, S. K., Young, M. E., Goldstein, K. E., Shapero, B. G., Stange, J. P., Boccia, A. S., Matt, L. M., Boland, E. M., Moore, L. C., & Abramson, L. Y. (2012). Cognitive vulnerabilities and depression versus other psychopathology symptoms and diagnoses in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41, 539–560.
  • Alloy, L. B., Kelly, K. A., Mineka, S., & Clements, C. M. (1990). Comorbidity in anxiety and depressive disorders: A helplessness/hopelessness perspective. En J. D. Maser & C. R. Cloninger (Eds.), Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (pp. 499–543). Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Press.
  • Arrieta Vergara, K. M., Díaz Cárdenas, S., y González Martínez, F. (2014). Síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en jóvenes universitarios: Prevalencia y factores relacionados. Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia, 7, 14–22.
  • Ball, H. A., McGuffin, P., & Farmer, A. E. (2008). Attributional style and depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 275–278.
  • Beck, A. T., & Bredemeier, K. (2016). A unified model of depression: Integrating clinical, cognitive, biological, and evolutio nary perspectives. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 596– 619.
  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L. (2013). Transactional relationships among cognitive vulnerabilities, stressors, and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 399–410.
  • Calvete, E., Villardón, L., & Estévez, A. (2008). Attributional style and depressive symptoms in adolescents: An examination of the role of various indicators of cognitive vulnerability. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 944–953.
  • Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 58–68.
  • Camuñas, N., Pérez Nieto, M. A., Ferrándiz, P., Miguel-Tobal, J. J., Cano-Vindel, A., & Iruarrizaga, I. (1999). Ansiedad, depresión e ira: Relaciones entre el estilo atribucional y las emociones negativas. Ansiedad y Estrés, 5, 175–189.
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316–336.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98–104.
  • Diefenbach, G. J., McCarthy-Larzelere, M. E., Williamson, D. A., Mathews, A., Manguno-Mire, G. M., & Bentz, B. G. (2001). Anxiety, depression, and the content of worries. Depression and Anxiety, 14, 247–250.
  • Ferrándiz, P. (1995). A.S.Q. Versión experimental en español. No publicado.
  • García-Escalera, J., Chorot, P., Valiente, R. M., Reales, J. M., & Sandín, B. (2016). Efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in adults, children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 21, 147–175.
  • Glenn, E., Bihm, E. M., & Lammers, W. J. (2003). Depression, anxiety, and relevant cognitions in persons with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 69–76.
  • González Cifuentes, C. E., Ángel de Greiff, E., y Avendaño Prieto, B. L. (2011). Comorbilidad entre ansiedad y depresión: Evaluación empírica del modelo indefensión desesperanza. Psychologia: Avances de la Disciplina, 5, 59–72.
  • Graham, J. M. (2006). Congeneric and (essentially) tau-equivalent estimates of score reliability: What they are and how to use them. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 930–944.
  • Haeffel, G. J., Abramson, L. Y., Voelz, Z. R., Metalsky, G. I., Halberstadt, L., Dykman, B. M., Donovan, P., Hogan, M. E., & Hankin, B. L. (2005). Negative cognitive styles, dysfunctional attitudes, and the remitted depression paradigm: A search for the elusive cognitive vulnerability to depression factor among remitted depressives. Emotion, 5, 343–348.
  • Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Anxiety and depression as bidirectional risk factors for one another: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 1155–1200.
  • Jiménez-García, G. I., y Miguel-Tobal, J. J. (2003). El cuestionario tridimensional para la depresión (CTD): Un nuevo instrumento para medir la tristeza/depresión. Ansiedad y Estrés, 9, 17–34.
  • Lewinsohn, P. M. B., Gotlib, I. H., Lewinsohn, M., Seeley, J. R., & Allen, N. B. (1998). Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 109–117.
  • Luten, A. G., Ralph, J. A., & Mineka, S. (1997). Pessimistic attributional style: Is it specific to depression versus anxiety versus negative affect? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 703–719.
  • Miguel-Tobal, J. J., y Cano-Vindel, A. (1993, mayo). Características de las manifestaciones de ansiedad en depresivos. Ponencia presentada en el III Congreso Internacional de la Asociación de Terapia Comportamental y Cognitiva de los Países de Lengua Latina «Latini Dies», Toulouse, Francia.
  • Miguel-Tobal, J. J., y Cano-Vindel, A. (1994). Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (ISRA). Madrid: TEA.
  • Organización Mundial de la Salud (2017). Depresión y otros trastornos mentales comunes. Estimaciones sanitarias mundiales. Washington, DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
  • Peters, K. D., Constans, J. I., & Mathews, A. (2011). Experimental modification of attribution processes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 168–173.
  • Pineda, D., Martín-Vivar, M., Sandín, B., & Piqueras, J. A. (2018). Factorial invariance and norms of the 30-item shortened-version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30). Psicothema, 30, 232–237.
  • Rood, L., Roelofs, J., Bögels, S. M., & Meesters, C. (2012). Stress-reactive rumination, negative cognitive style, and stressors in relationship to depressive symptoms in non-clinical youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 414–425.
  • Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., Pineda, D., García-Escalera, J., y Chorot, P. (2018). Escala de Síntomas de los Trastornos de Ansiedad y Depresión (ESTAD): Datos preliminares sobre su estructura factorial y sus propiedades psicométricas. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 23, 163–177.
  • Sanjuán, P., & Magallares, A. (2009). A longitudinal study of the negative explanatory style and attributions of uncontrollability as predictors of depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 714–718.
  • Sanjuán, P., Magallares, A., González, J. L., y Pérez-García, A. (2013). Estudio de la validez de la versión española del cuestionario de estilo atribucional ante situaciones negativas. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 18, 61–71.
  • Sanz, J., Navarro, M. E., y Vázquez, C. (2003). Adaptación española del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck–II (BDI-II): 1. Propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes universitarios. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 29, 239–288.
  • Sanz, J., & García-Vera, M. P. (2017). Ideas equivocadas sobre la depresión y su tratamiento (II). Papeles del Psicólogo, 38, 169–176.
  • Sanz-Fernández, J. (1991). The specific traits of anxiety in the Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory (ASRI): Construct validity and relationship to depression. Evaluación Psicológica, 7, 149–173.
  • Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8, 350–353.
  • Seisdedos, N. (1999). Manual STAI, Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado Rasgo. Madrid: TEA.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Abramson, L. Y., Semmel, A., & von Baeyer, C. (1979). Depressive attributional style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 242–247.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self-Evaluation Questionnaire). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Stange, J. P., Alloy, L. B., Flynn, M., & Abramson, L. Y. (2013). Negative inferential style, emotional clarity, and life stress: Integrating vulnerabilities to depression in adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42, 508– 518.
  • Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80, 99–103.
  • Sutton, J. M., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Griffith, J. W., Rose, R. D., Waters, A. M., Nazarian, M., & Mor, N. (2011). The relationships of personality and cognitive styles with self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognitive Therapy Research, 35, 381–393.
  • Swendsen, J. D. (1998). The helplessness-hopelessness theory and daily mood experience: An idiographic and cross-situational perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1398–1408.
  • Vázquez, C., y Sanz, J. (1999). Fiabilidad y validez de la versión española del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck de 1978 en pacientes con trastornos psicológicos. Clínica y Salud, 10, 59–81.
  • Yonkers, K. A., & Gurguis, G. (1995). Gender differences in the prevalence and expression of anxiety disorders. En M. V. Seeman (Ed.), Gender and psychopathology (pp. 113–130). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Data source: Dialnet